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DBMS > Citus vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Postgres-XL vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Postgres-XL vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.43
Rank#260  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score9.62
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgres-xl.orgwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperHypertable Inc.MicrosoftOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release2010200920162014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2005
Current release8.1, December 20180.9.8.11, March 201610 R1, October 201812.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licensecommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++C++CC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
hostedLinux
macOS
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
C++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noTransact SQLuser defined functionsyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersyesnonoyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor on file system levelyesMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

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More resources
CitusHypertableMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgres-XLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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