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DBMS > Citus vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SQream DB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SQream DB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSQream DB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBFully managed big data interactive analytics platforma GPU-based, columnar RDBMS for big data analytics workloadsIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#227  Overall
#104  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comhsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorersqream.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.sqream.comdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperMicrosoftSQream TechnologiesOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20102001201920171998
Current release8.1, December 20182.7.2, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases2022.1.6, December 202211 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaC++, CUDA, Haskell, Java, Scala
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes, ANSI Standard SQL Typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java, SQLYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions in PythonPL/SQL
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal and vertical partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CitusHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSQream DBTimesTen
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