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DBMS > Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. RavenDB vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. RavenDB vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonYDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseA distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score0.35
Rank#278  Overall
#43  Document stores
#127  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comravendb.netgithub.com/­ydb-platform/­ydb
ydb.tech
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlravendb.net/­docsydb.tech/­en/­docs
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerHibernating RhinosYandex
Initial release20102017200520102019
Current release8.1, December 20182.2.220, July 20235.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0; commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaC#
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query language (RQL)SQL-like query language (YQL)
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyesno
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replicationActive-passive shard replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseAccess rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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More resources
CitusGoogle Cloud SpannerH2RavenDBYDB
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