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DBMS > Citus vs. Elasticsearch vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Elasticsearch vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.68
Rank#106  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperElasticIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014Microsoft
Initial release2010201020102019
Current release8.1, December 20188.6, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaErlang
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedhosted
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languagenoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop ConnectoryesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono infoatomic operations within a document possibleno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic lockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
CitusElasticsearchIBM CloudantMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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