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DBMS > Citus vs. Elasticsearch vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Netezza

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Elasticsearch vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Netezza

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNetezza infoAlso called PureData System for Analytics by IBM  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformData warehouse and analytics appliance part of IBM PureSystems
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score9.06
Rank#46  Overall
#29  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.exasol.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.ibm.com/­products/­netezza
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlwww.exasol.com/­resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperElasticExasolMicrosoftIBM
Initial release20102010200020192000
Current release8.1, December 20188.6, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux infoincluded in appliance
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Lua
Python
R
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Fortran
Java
Lua
Perl
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectoryes infoHadoop integrationSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationUsers with fine-grained authorization concept

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More resources
CitusElasticsearchEXASOLMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNetezza infoAlso called PureData System for Analytics by IBM
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