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DBMS > Citus vs. DuckDB vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. DuckDB vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperHypertable Inc.Microsoft
Initial release2010201820092016
Current release8.1, December 20181.0.0, June 20240.9.8.11, March 2016
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++C++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxserver-lessLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nonoTransact SQL
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneselectable replication factor on file system levelyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnonoyes

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More resources
CitusDuckDBHypertableMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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