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DBMS > Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Well established RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comdgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingres
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingres
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleActian Corporation
Initial release2010201620171974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s
Current release8.1, December 201811.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCGoC
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nonoyes
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Ingres Replicator
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CitusDgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerIngres
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