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DBMS > Citus vs. Dgraph vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Valentina Server

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Dgraph vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Valentina Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerObject-relational database and reports server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#325  Overall
#144  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comdgraph.ioduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.valentina-db.net
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdgraph.io/­docsduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsvalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.php
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftParadigma Software
Initial release20102016201820161999
Current release8.1, December 20181.0.0, June 20245.7.5
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCGoC++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
server-lesshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nonoTransact SQLyes
Triggersyesnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication via Raftnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesnoyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CitusDgraphDuckDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseValentina Server
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