DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. RDF4J vs. TDengine vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. RDF4J vs. TDengine vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

TypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.

Primary database model

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS

The data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	98.94
Rank	#11	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	0.72
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	2.48
Rank	#107	Overall
	#9	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.65
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#9	Object oriented DBMS
	#107	Relational DBMS

Website

cassandra.apache.org

rdf4j.org

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

typedb.com

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

rdf4j.org/documentation

docs.tdengine.com

typedb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Vaticle

Initial release

2008

2004

2019

2016

Current release

5.0-rc1, July 2024

3.0, August 2022

2.28.3, June 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

none

yes

Synchronous replication via raft

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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TDengine™ is a time-series database designed to help traditional industries overcome...
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TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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High Performance at Any Scale: With its distributed scalable architecture that grows...
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TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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TDengine is purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and particularly...
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Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

Apache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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TDengine has garnered over 23,000 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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TDengine OSS is free, open-source software released under the AGPLv3. TDengine Enterprise...
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Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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