DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. GraphDB vs. Raima Database Manager vs. ScyllaDB vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. GraphDB vs. Raima Database Manager vs. ScyllaDB vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into an application or used as a database server

Cassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column store

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

Wide column store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Wide column store

Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Key-value store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	98.94
Rank	#11	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	2.76
Rank	#99	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	0.40
Rank	#268	Overall
	#125	Relational DBMS
	#21	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.15
Rank	#69	Overall
	#5	Wide column stores

Score	1.48
Rank	#149	Overall
	#8	Vector DBMS

Website

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

docs.raima.com

docs.scylladb.com

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Ontotext

Raima Inc.

ScyllaDB

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

2008

2000

1984

2015

2019

Current release

5.0-rc1, July 2024

10.4, October 2023

15, June 2021

ScyllaDB Open Source 6.0.2, July 2024

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

Open Source

Open Source (AGPL), commercial license available

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Scylla Cloud: Create real-time applications that run at global scale with Scylla Cloud, the industry’s most powerful NoSQL DBaaS

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Android
HP-UX
Integrity RTOS
iOS
Linux
OS X
QNX
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes

schema-free

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Exporting/Importing of XML structures possible

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

cluster global secondary indices

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL)

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Proprietary protocol (CQL)

compatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Thrift

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Objective-C
PL/SQL

For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala
For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

yes

based on the ANSI/ISO SQL Persistent Stored Modules (PSM) specification

yes, Lua

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency
Tunable Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

in-memory tables

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

Access rights for users can be defined per object

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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Raima Database Manager (RDM) is an embedded time-series database optimized to run...
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ScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted...
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Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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Decreased time-to-market Industry-standard interfaces & tools for making your job...
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Highly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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Typical use cases include: Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded In-Memory Database Time-Series...
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ScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at...
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As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Infor, ABB, The Boeing Company, BAE Systems, Dow Jones, Dun & Bradstreet, Fujitsu,...
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Discord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,...
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All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

Apache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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Over 30 000 applications developers worldwide have field-tested RDM products More...
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ScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput...
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As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
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Just as the technical aspects of Raima Database Manager are flexible, so are the...
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ScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based...
» more

Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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11 September 2024

Accelerating End-to-end Knowledge Graph Solutions with Ontotext’s LinkedLifeData Inventory: The Case of Target Discovery
30 August 2024

Using Entity Linking to Turn Your Graph into a Knowledge Graph
23 August 2024

Considerations to Creating a Graph Center of Excellence: 5 Elements to Ensure Success
22 August 2024

The Power of Knowledge Graphs – A Chat with Perfect Memory and Ontotext
16 August 2024

RaimaDB and QNX Forge a Powerful Partnership in Embedded Systems
9 July 2024

Raima Unveils RaimaDB 16.0: Elevating Database Performance and User Experience
29 February 2024

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v15, a Powerful Embedded Time Series Database
10 June 2021

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v14.2, a Powerful IoT Edge Embedded Database
8 October 2020

Raima Joins BlackBerry QNX Channel Partner Program to Deliver Safety-Critical and Secure Software Solutions
1 October 2020