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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. Firebird vs. Heroic vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. Firebird vs. Heroic vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.94
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.39
Rank#155  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score19.46
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#335  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Score1.93
Rank#121  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgdgraph.iowww.firebirdsql.orggithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdgraph.io/­docswww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualsspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookDgraph Labs, Inc.Firebird FoundationSpotifyStardog-Union
Initial release200820162000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase20142010
Current release5.0-rc1, July 20245.0.1, August 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaGoC and C++JavaJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyesnoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoPSQLnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"yesnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSynchronous replication via RaftSource-replica replicationyesMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectno infoPlanned for future releasesUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraDgraphFirebirdHeroicStardog
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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