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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. LevelDB vs. Milvus vs. Pinecone

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. LevelDB vs. Milvus vs. Pinecone

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed Database based on LuceneEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesA managed, cloud-native vector database
Primary database modelWide column storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Key-value storeVector DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.94
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.69
Rank#226  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#11  Vector DBMS
Score2.33
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score3.01
Rank#89  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Score3.02
Rank#87  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgcratedb.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbmilvus.iowww.pinecone.io
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcratedb.com/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mddocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overview
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCrateGooglePinecone Systems, Inc
Initial release20082013201120192019
Current release5.0-rc1, July 20245.8.1, August 20241.23, February 20212.4.4, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C++, Go
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoVector, Numeric and StringString, Number, Boolean
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitynonono
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIRESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions (Javascript)nono
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategynono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectrights management via user accountsnoRole based access control and fine grained access rights
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraCrateDBLevelDBMilvusPinecone
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
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