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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Heroic vs. LokiJS vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Heroic vs. LokiJS vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchIn-memory JavaScript DBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.94
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#335  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Score0.44
Rank#256  Overall
#40  Document stores
Score1.93
Rank#121  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicgithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.citusdata.comspotify.github.io/­heroictechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookSpotifyStardog-Union
Initial release20082010201420142010
Current release5.0-rc1, July 20248.1, December 20187.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Sourcecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaCJavaJavaScriptJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linuxserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyes infovia viewsyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnonoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
JavaScript APIGraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noView functions in JavaScriptuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesnoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
noneImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDnono infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraCitusHeroicLokiJSStardog
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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More resources
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