DBMS > BoltDB vs. etcd vs. Immudb vs. RocksDB vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. etcd vs. Immudb vs. RocksDB vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.74
Rank	#220	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#60	Key-value stores

Website

github.com/boltdb/bolt

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

rocksdb.org

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

docs.immudb.io

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

Codenotary

Facebook, Inc.

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2013

2020

2013

2020

Current release

3.4, August 2019

1.2.3, April 2022

8.11.4, April 2024

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.