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DBMS > BigchainDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Vertica vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison BigchainDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Vertica vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBigchainDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionBigchainDB is scalable blockchain database offering decentralization, immutability and native assetsA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.79
Rank#212  Overall
#36  Document stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score10.68
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.bigchaindb.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.vertica.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationbigchaindb.readthedocs.io/­en/­latestcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsvertica.com/­documentationdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett PackardOpenLink Software
Initial release2016201720051998
Current release12.0.3, January 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL v3commercialcommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesno infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containersno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languagePythonC++C
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsCLI Client
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesGo
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differencesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyes, called Custom Alertsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno infoBi-directional Spark integrationyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes,with MongoDB ord RethinkDByesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hashFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
BigchainDBGoogle Cloud SpannerVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™Virtuoso
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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More resources
BigchainDBGoogle Cloud SpannerVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™Virtuoso
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