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DBMS > Apache Pinot vs. Lovefield vs. Milvus vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Pinot vs. Lovefield vs. Milvus vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Pinot  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionRealtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latencyEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.35
Rank#274  Overall
#128  Relational DBMS
Score0.22
Rank#306  Overall
#138  Relational DBMS
Score3.01
Rank#89  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitepinot.apache.orggoogle.github.io/­lovefieldmilvus.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.pinot.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mddocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsGoogleOpenLink Software
Initial release2015201420191998
Current release1.0.0, September 20232.1.12, February 20172.4.4, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaJavaScriptC++, GoC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java JDK11 or higherserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBCRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
Python
JavaScriptC++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersUsing read-only observersnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningnoneShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infousing MemoryDByesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoRole based access control and fine grained access rightsFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PinotLovefieldMilvusVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache PinotLovefieldMilvusVirtuoso
DB-Engines blog posts

Vector databases
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