DBMS > Apache Pinot vs. DuckDB vs. GraphDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Pinot vs. DuckDB vs. GraphDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Realtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latency

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.50
Rank	#248	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	7.44
Rank	#44	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Score	2.59
Rank	#96	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#3	RDF stores

Website

pinot.apache.org

duckdb.org

www.ontotext.com

Technical documentation

docs.pinot.apache.org

duckdb.org/docs

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Ontotext

Initial release

2015

2018

2000

Current release

1.0.0, September 2023

1.0.0, June 2024

10.4, October 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java JDK11 or higher

server-less

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
Python

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

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Recent citations in the news

Misconfigured Apache Pinot instances under attack
7 May 2025, SC Media

Microsoft Warns of Attackers Exploiting Misconfigured Apache Pinot Installations
6 May 2025, SecurityWeek

Deploy real-time analytics with StarTree for managed Apache Pinot on AWS
13 March 2025, Amazon Web Services

Enabling Infinite Retention for Upsert Tables in Apache Pinot
31 October 2024, Uber

Apache Pinot Brings Real Time Analysis to Columnar Data
13 December 2024, The New Stack

provided by Google News

Hands-On Exploratory Data Analysis with DuckDB
10 May 2025, Packt

Streamlining access to tabular datasets stored in Amazon S3 Tables with DuckDB | Amazon Web Services
18 March 2025, Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Abusing DuckDB-WASM To Create Doom In SQL
23 April 2025, Hackaday

DuckDB project releases Local web UI, but not as open source
19 March 2025, devclass

Analyzing JSON Data with DuckDB and SQL
1 May 2025, KDnuggets

provided by Google News

Semantic Web Company and Ontotext merge to form Graphwise
23 October 2024, Blocks and Files

Semantic Knowledge Graphing Market to Reach USD 5.07 Billion by 2032, Driven by AI Adoption, Contextual Data Analytics, and Industry-Wide Digital Transformation | SNS Insider
17 April 2025, GlobeNewswire

Semantic Web Company and Ontotext Merge to Create Knowledge Graph and AI Powerhouse Graphwise
23 October 2024, PR Newswire

Ontotext Platform 3.0 for Enterprise Knowledge Graphs Released
18 December 2019, KDnuggets

A Content Management Platform and a Graph Database Come Together in the New Company: Graphwise
28 October 2024, The Recursive

provided by Google News

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