DBMS > Apache Pinot vs. Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. H2 vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Pinot vs. Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. H2 vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Realtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latency

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.38
Rank	#275	Overall
	#126	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

pinot.apache.org

dgraph.io

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.h2database.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.pinot.apache.org

dgraph.io/docs

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

Thomas Mueller

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2015

2016

2010

2005

2019

Current release

1.0.0, September 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java JDK11 or higher

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
Python

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.