DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Milvus vs. OrientDB vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Milvus vs. OrientDB vs. TDengine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Vector DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.18
Rank	#173	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	2.31
Rank	#113	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	2.60
Rank	#107	Overall
	#8	Time Series DBMS

Website

iotdb.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

milvus.io

orientdb.org

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

docs.tdengine.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Microsoft

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Initial release

2018

2014

2019

2010

2019

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

2.3.4, January 2024

3.2.29, March 2024

3.0, August 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

Java

C++, Go

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

hosted

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language, no joins

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

RESTful HTTP API

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

Java, Javascript

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

Hooks

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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TDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
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Competitive advantages

Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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High Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
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Typical application scenarios

RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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TDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
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Key customers

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
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Market metrics

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
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TDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
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Licensing and pricing models

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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TDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.