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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. H2 vs. InterSystems Caché vs. RDFox vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. H2 vs. InterSystems Caché vs. RDFox vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems Caché  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Caché is a deprecated database engine which is substituted with InterSystems IRIS. It therefore is removed from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A multi-model DBMS and application serverHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.h2database.comwww.intersystems.com/­products/­cachewww.oxfordsemantic.techvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.intersystems.comdocs.oxfordsemantic.techdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software FoundationThomas MuellerInterSystemsOxford Semantic TechnologiesOpenLink Software
Initial release20182005199720171998
Current release1.1.0, April 20232.2.220, July 20232018.1.4, May 20206.0, Septermber 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)All OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesdepending on used data modelyes infoRDF schemasyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyesyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
JavaC#
C++
Java
C
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)nonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replicationreplication via a shared file systemChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and rolesRoles, resources, and access typesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache IoTDBH2InterSystems CachéRDFoxVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache IoTDBH2InterSystems CachéRDFoxVirtuoso
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