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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. InterSystems Caché vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. InterSystems Caché vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems Caché  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
Caché is a deprecated database engine which is substituted with InterSystems IRIS. It therefore is removed from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A multi-model DBMS and application serverHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comwww.intersystems.com/­products/­cachewww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.intersystems.comdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperApache Software FoundationGoogleThomas MuellerInterSystemsOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release20182017200519972017
Current release1.1.0, April 20232.2.220, July 20232018.1.4, May 20206.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hostedAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesdepending on used data modelyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaC#
C++
Java
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replicationreplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and rolesRoles, resources, and access types

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More resources
Apache IoTDBGoogle Cloud SpannerH2InterSystems CachéRDFox
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