DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. GeoMesa vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. GeoMesa vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

GeoMesa is a distributed spatio-temporal DBMS based on various systems as storage layer.

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Primary database model

column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.86
Rank	#205	Overall
	#4	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#260	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Score	3.80
Rank	#81	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Website

iotdb.apache.org

www.geomesa.org

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

www.geomesa.org/documentation/stable/user/index.html

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

CCRi and others

Microsoft

Initial release

2018

2014

2019

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

5.0.0, May 2024

cloud service with continuous releases

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

Open Source

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Scala

JavaScript

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

all fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

JavaScript API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

JavaScript

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

depending on storage layer

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

depending on storage layer

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

depending on storage layer

none

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

atomic operations within a single collection possible

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

depending on storage layer

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

depending on the DBMS used for storage

Azure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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