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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. H2 vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. H2 vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.h2database.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software FoundationElasticThomas MuellerOpenLink Software
Initial release2018201020051998
Current release1.1.0, April 20238.6, January 20232.2.220, July 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and SparkES-Hadoop Connectornoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesMemcached and Redis integrationyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache IoTDBElasticsearchH2Virtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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Apache IoTDBElasticsearchH2Virtuoso
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