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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.exasol.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsrdf4j.org
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.exasol.com/­resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software FoundationExasolMicrosoftMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20182000201920162004
Current release1.1.0, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hostedhostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Java
Lua
Python
R
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
PHP
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQLyes
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)ShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkyes infoHadoop integrationSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationyesno

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More resources
Apache IoTDBEXASOLMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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