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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. EXASOL vs. Ingres vs. RDF4J vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. EXASOL vs. Ingres vs. RDF4J vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Well established RDBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.exasol.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresrdf4j.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.exasol.com/­resourcesdocs.actian.com/­ingresrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software FoundationExasolActian CorporationSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.OpenLink Software
Initial release201820001974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20041998
Current release1.1.0, April 202311.2, May 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoRDF Schemasyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyesyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Java
Lua
Python
R
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsyesyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasIngres ReplicatornoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkyes infoHadoop integrationnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache IoTDBEXASOLIngresRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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Apache IoTDBEXASOLIngresRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVirtuoso
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