DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	4.36
Rank	#72	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

iotdb.apache.org

duckdb.org

cloud.google.com/datastore

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

duckdb.org/docs

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Google

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2018

2008

2019

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

1.0.0, June 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

server-less

hosted

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-like query language (GQL)

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

using Google App Engine

Triggers

yes

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

none

Multi-source replication using Paxos

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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