DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. Kingbase vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. Kingbase vs. Postgres-XL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.18
Rank	#173	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.45
Rank	#262	Overall
	#123	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

dgraph.io/docs

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Initial release

2018

2016

1999

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

V8.0, August 2021

10 R1, October 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

Standard with numerous extensions

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

yes

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

MVCC

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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