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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#354  Overall
#37  Graph DBMS
#15  Object oriented DBMS
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgdgraph.iowww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorervelocitydb.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldgraph.io/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorervelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperApache Software FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.Thomas MuellerMicrosoftVelocityDB Inc
Initial release20182016200520192011
Current release1.1.0, April 20232.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases7.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaGoJavaC#
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedAny that supports .NET
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.Net
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)yesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSynchronous replication via RaftWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and SparknonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
Apache IoTDBDgraphH2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerVelocityDB
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