DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Datomic vs. Lovefield vs. openGemini vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Datomic vs. Lovefield vs. openGemini vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

An open source distributed Time Series DBMS with high concurrency, high performance, and high scalability

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.18
Rank	#173	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	0.01
Rank	#375	Overall
	#39	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.26
Rank	#78	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#42	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

iotdb.apache.org

www.datomic.com

google.github.io/lovefield

www.opengemini.org
github.com/openGemini

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

docs.datomic.com

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.opengemini.org/guide

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Cognitect

Google

Huawei and openGemini community

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2018

2012

2014

2022

1998

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

1.1, July 2023

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Java, Clojure

JavaScript

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

All OS with a Java VM

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
Windows

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Integer, Float, Boolean, String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

RESTful HTTP API

HTTP REST

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

Clojure
Java

JavaScript

C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

yes

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Administrators and common users accounts

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more

Competitive advantages

Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more

Key customers

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more

Market metrics

Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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