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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Citus vs. H2 vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Citus vs. H2 vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.h2database.comwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.citusdata.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software FoundationThomas MuellerStardog-Union
Initial release2018201020052010
Current release1.1.0, April 20238.1, December 20182.2.220, July 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJavaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)LinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache IoTDBCitusH2Stardog
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