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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Citus vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Citus vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.31
Rank#159  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score128.79
Rank#8  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.citusdata.comwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
DeveloperApache Software FoundationElasticGoogle
Initial release2018201020102017
Current release1.1.0, April 20238.1, December 20188.6, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)LinuxAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesno
Triggersyesyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)ShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and SparknoES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACID infoStrict serializable isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoMemcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
Apache IoTDBCitusElasticsearchGoogle Cloud Spanner
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