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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Firebase Realtime Database

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Firebase Realtime Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.31
Rank#159  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.39
Rank#155  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score13.60
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comdgraph.iofirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-database
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.citusdata.comdgraph.io/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­database
DeveloperApache Software FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.Google infoacquired by Google 2014
Initial release2018201020162012
Current release1.1.0, April 20238.1, December 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCGo
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnono
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nolimited functionality with using 'rules'
TriggersyesyesnoCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication via Raft
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
Apache IoTDBCitusDgraphFirebase Realtime Database
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