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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. TinkerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#316  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#345  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerterminusdb.comtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.
Initial release2013201920182009
Current release4.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Prolog, RustJava
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (WOQL)no
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesno
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceGraph Partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Journaling Streamsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access controlno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTinkerGraph
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