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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Prometheus vs. SAP Advantage Database Server vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Prometheus vs. SAP Advantage Database Server vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADS  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
SAP Advantage Database Server seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring systemLow-cost RDBMS with access to ISAM and FoxPro data structuresScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score7.69
Rank#50  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
Score0.88
Rank#203  Overall
#95  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerprometheus.iowww.sap.com/products/advantage-database-server.htmlvitess.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerprometheus.io/­docsvitess.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftSybase, SAPThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release20132019201519932013
Current release4.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases15.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++GoGo
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
Windows
Linux
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesNumeric data onlyyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyesyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API.NET Client API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Delphi
Perl
PHP
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyesyes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoby FederationMulti-source replication infoCONFLICT Trigger to resolve replication conflicts
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
noneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono infocaching of (temporary) tables can be configuredyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAzure Active Directory Authenticationnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPrometheusSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADSVitess
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