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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. Qdrant vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. Qdrant vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonQdrant  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsA high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matchingA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSVector DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score1.28
Rank#167  Overall
#7  Vector DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasegithub.com/­qdrant/­qdrant
qdrant.tech
github.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.comqdrant.tech/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.Qdrant8Kdata
Initial release20132019201320212016
Current release4.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++RustJava
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesNumbers, Strings, Geo, Booleanyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infoKeywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API infoOpenAPI 3.0
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQL
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBCollection-level replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency, tunable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACID infotunable commit protocolno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoTemporary tableyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersKey-based authenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDBQdrantToroDB
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