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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. Realm

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.89
Rank#198  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databaserealm.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.comrealm.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaHypertable Inc.MicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019
Initial release20132009201920132014
Current release4.1.0, June 20220.9.8.11, March 2016cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
hostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQLno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes infoChange Listeners
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtennone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor on file system levelyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACID infotunable commit protocolACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoTemporary tableyes infoIn-Memory realm
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersyes

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHypertableMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDBRealm
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