DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. TinkerGraph vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. TinkerGraph vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#345	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

impala.apache.org

hsqldb.org

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2013

2001

2009

2019

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

2.7.2, June 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

TinkerPop 3

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

Groovy
Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
28 November 2017, SDTimes.com

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28 November 2017, Datanami

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provided by Google News

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