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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Realm vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Realm vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orghsqldb.orgrealm.iospark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlrealm.io/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019Apache Software Foundation
Initial release2013200120142014
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.7.2, June 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaScala
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesAndroid
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava, SQLno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessaryno
Triggersnoyesyes infoChange Listenersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornonenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoIn-Memory realmno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBRealmSpark SQL
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