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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Prometheus

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Prometheus

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBFully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring system
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.90
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score7.92
Rank#51  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orghsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerprometheus.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerprometheus.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoft
Initial release2013200120192015
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.7.2, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaGo
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoImport of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava, SQLYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoby Federation
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPrometheus
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