DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#260	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Score	19.93
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

hsqldb.org

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Microsoft

Initial release

2013

2001

2014

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

2.7.2, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

JavaScript

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

JavaScript API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

JavaScript

C#
Java
PHP

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java, SQL

View functions in JavaScript

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single collection possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
28 November 2017, SDTimes.com

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