DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hive vs. Lovefield vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hive vs. Lovefield vs. Postgres-XL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

hive.apache.org

google.github.io/lovefield

www.postgres-xl.org

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Google

Initial release

2013

2012

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.1.3, April 2022

2.1.12, February 2017

10 R1, October 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

JavaScript

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C++
Java
PHP
Python

JavaScript

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

Triggers

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

MVCC

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Why is Hadoop not listed in the DB-Engines Ranking?
13 May 2013, Paul Andlinger

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