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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Graphite vs. Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Graphite vs. Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopData logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called Whisperdata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.83
Rank#67  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Score59.76
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webhive.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlgraphite.readthedocs.iocwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaChris DavisApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookMicrosoft
Initial release2013200620122019
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.1.3, April 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++PythonJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Unix
All OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesNumeric data onlyyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
Sockets
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencynoneEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infolockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoAccess rights for users, groups and rolesAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGraphiteHiveMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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