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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Stardog vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Stardog vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS infoThe type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS infoThe data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS infoThe type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#8  Object oriented DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.stardog.comtypedb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.stardog.comtypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleStardog-UnionVaticle
Initial release2013201720102016
Current release4.1.0, June 20227.3.0, May 20202.28.3, June 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javano
Triggersnonoyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneno
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication in HA-ClusterSynchronous replication via raft
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes inforelationships in graphsno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and rolesyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerStardogTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerStardogTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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