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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GridDB vs. NuoDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GridDB vs. NuoDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGridDB  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Scalable in-memory time series database optimized for IoT and Big DataNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.09
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Time Series DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannergriddb.netwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.griddb.netdoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleToshiba CorporationDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.8Kdata
Initial release20132017201320132016
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.1, August 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3 and Apache License, version 2.0 , commercial license (standard and advanced editions) also availablecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinuxhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infonumerical, string, blob, geometry, boolean, timestampyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL92, SQL-like TQL (Toshiba Query Language)yes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoJava, SQL
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replicationyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowConnector for using GridDB as an input source and output destination for Hadoop MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency within container, eventual consistency across containersImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID at container levelACID infotunable commit protocolno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users can be defined per databaseStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerGridDBNuoDBToroDB
Specific characteristicsGridDB is a highly scalable, in-memory time series database optimized for IoT and...
» more
Competitive advantages1. Optimized for IoT Equipped with Toshiba's proprietary key-container data model...
» more
Typical application scenariosFactory IoT, Automative Industry, Energy, BEMS, Smart Community, Monitoring system.
» more
Key customersDenso International [see use case ] An Electric Power company [see use case ] Ishinomaki...
» more
Market metricsGitHub trending repository
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen Source license (AGPL v3 & Apache v2) Commercial license (subscription)
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerGridDBNuoDBToroDB
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