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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Common in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score125.90
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasewww.ibm.com/­products/­db2azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasewww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014IBMMicrosoft
Initial release201320121983 infohost version2019
Current release4.1.0, June 202212.1, October 2016cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial infofree version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C and C++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducelimited functionality with using 'rules'yesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux VersionSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaFirebase Realtime DatabaseIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft Azure Data Explorer
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