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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hypertable

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hypertable

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as Hadoop
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSWide column store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasecloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014GoogleHypertable Inc.
Initial release2013201220172009
Current release4.1.0, June 20220.9.8.11, March 2016
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scans
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011no
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
C++ API
Thrift
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducelimited functionality with using 'rules'nono
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor on file system level
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACID infoStrict serializable isolationno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no

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More resources
Apache ImpalaFirebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud SpannerHypertable
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