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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Prometheus vs. SAP Advantage Database Server

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Prometheus vs. SAP Advantage Database Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADS  Xexclude from comparison
SAP Advantage Database Server seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricFully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring systemLow-cost RDBMS with access to ISAM and FoxPro data structures
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score7.69
Rank#50  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerprometheus.iowww.sap.com/products/advantage-database-server.html
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerprometheus.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticMicrosoftSybase, SAP
Initial release20132010201920151993
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.6, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaGo
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesNumeric data onlyyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoImport of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API.NET Client API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Delphi
Perl
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoby FederationMulti-source replication infoCONFLICT Trigger to resolve replication conflicts
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop ConnectorSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
noneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnonono infocaching of (temporary) tables can be configured
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAzure Active Directory Authenticationnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPrometheusSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADS
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