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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenQM vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenQM vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOpenQM infoalso called QM  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricFully managed big data interactive analytics platformQpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMSTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedMultivalue DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.27
Rank#298  Overall
#10  Multivalue DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-open-qmtrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorertrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticMicrosoftRocket Software, originally Martin PhillipsApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release20132010201919932014
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.6, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases3.4-122.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++, Java
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedAIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infowith some exceptionsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RyesJava Stored Procedures
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yesyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop ConnectorSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOpenQM infoalso called QMTrafodion
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