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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app development
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBSearch engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score128.46
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score5.59
Rank#63  Overall
#7  Search engines
Websiteimpala.apache.orgduckdb.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­search
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlduckdb.org/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2learn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­search
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticIBMMicrosoft
Initial release2013201820101983 infohost version2015
Current release4.1.0, June 20220.10, February 20248.6, January 202312.1, October 2016V1
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercial infofree version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++JavaC and C++
Server operating systemsLinuxserver-lessAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like query languageyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyesyesno
Triggersnonoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux VersionSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneyesyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoES-Hadoop Connectornono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesMemcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing Azure authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDuckDBElasticsearchIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft Azure AI Search
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