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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Drizzle vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Drizzle vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.Well established RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerActian CorporationMicrosoft
Initial release201320081974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2019
Current release4.1.0, June 20227.2.4, September 201211.2, May 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGNU GPLcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C
Server operating systemsLinuxFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith proprietary extensionsyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C++
Java
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnono infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.yesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Ingres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosPluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDrizzleIngresMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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